Semikonduktor dalam Geopolitik Global: Saling Ketergantungan yang Dipersenjatai dan Ketergantungan Struktural dalam Rantai Pasok Chip
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the transformation of semiconductors into instruments of national power and economic weapons in global geopolitical rivalry, as well as identify countries that will dominate the world economy through chip technology control. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with secondary data analysis for the period 2020–2025, encompassing econometric analysis, industrial policy evaluation, and geopolitical projections. Findings reveal that semiconductors have become the "new oil" of the 21st century, with major powers wielding chips as strategic weapons through massive subsidies ($400+ billion), strict export controls, and supply chain fragmentation. The United States leads through chip design dominance and critical technology control, China aggressively pursues technological self-sufficiency, while Taiwan maintains a monopoly on advanced chip production with a 92% global market share. This study reinforces weaponized interdependence and strategic trade policy theories, demonstrating how asymmetric dependencies in semiconductor supply chains are exploited as economic weapons. For developing countries such as Indonesia, this study recommends a hybrid strategy focusing on the Assembly, Testing & Packaging (ATP) sector and materials supply rather than competing in leading-edge manufacturing.
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