TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION DI PERGURUAN TINGGI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS
Abstract
Implementasi kurikulum berbasis Outcome-Based Education (OBE) di perguruan tinggi Indonesia era Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) menghadapi persoalan mendasar berupa kesenjangan antara kepatuhan dokumentasi dan perubahan praktik instruksional yang nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pendorong utama perubahan kurikulum, tantangan yang menghambat implementasi OBE secara substantif, dan strategi yang mendukung transformasi kurikulum berkelanjutan di pendidikan tinggi Indonesia periode 2021–2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berpanduan protokol PRISMA 2020 dengan verifikasi reliabilitas antar-penilai menggunakan Cohen's kappa, sintesis tematik mengikuti prosedur tiga fase Thomas dan Harden, serta analisis korpus akhir 47 artikel dari Scopus, ERIC, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan akreditasi BAN-PT dominan mendorong reformasi dokumenter tanpa perubahan instruksional yang sepadan. Kesiapan dosen merupakan variabel paling kritis, di mana mayoritas dosen masih berada pada tahap perhatian berorientasi diri dan tugas. Perguruan tinggi daerah dan swasta kecil menanggung risiko tertinggi akibat konvergensi keterbatasan sumber daya dan isolasi jaringan dukungan. Strategi transformasi paling efektif mencakup koherensi kepemimpinan lintas level institusional, pengembangan dosen berkelanjutan yang tertanam dalam disiplin, serta reformasi kriteria akreditasi berbasis bukti capaian pembelajaran mahasiswa. Studi ini memperkenalkan konstruk compliance-substance gap sebagai kerangka analitis pemersatu dan menyajikan analisis berlapis berdasarkan jenis institusi sebagai kontribusi kebaruan utama.
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