PENERAPAN KOTA SPONS DI CHINA: EVALUASI UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN IBU KOTA MENDATANG
Abstract
Pemindahan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) ke Kalimantan Timur, sebagaimana diatur oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 3 tahun 2022, akan mendorong pembangunan masif di wilayah tersebut. Namun, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang rawan bencana banjir memerlukan pendekatan khusus seperti penerapan konsep Kota Spons untuk meminimalisir risiko banjir dan mendukung keberlanjutan pembangunan IKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi penerapan infrastruktur Kota Spons yang efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan banjir di IKN melalui studi perbandingan terhadap penerapan konsep Kota Spons di China. Data sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini, mencakup variabel topografi, iklim, luasan wilayah, curah hujan, frekuensi banjir per tahun, dan tujuan ibukota negara. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif dengan analisis klaster untuk komparasi karakteristik kota, analisis performa untuk menilai efektivitas, dan analisis deskriptif untuk memberikan rekomendasi penerapan Kota Spons di IKN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kota Nanjing dan Kota Haikou di China menjadi acuan perbandingan, dengan infrastruktur kolam retensi, atap hijau, dan lahan basah yang efektif mengatasi banjir. Infrastruktur lahan basah dinilai paling ekonomis dan efektif untuk diterapkan di IKN karena biaya perawatannya lebih rendah dibanding kolam retensi dan atap hijau.
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