STUDI POLA ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT YANG BERPROFESI SEBAGAI NELAYAN TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR ROB
STUDI KASUS: DESA BEDONO DAN KELURAHAN PENJARINGAN
Abstract
Abstract: Climate change increases the risk of coastal tidal flooding. This is also influenced by increasing land subsidence and shoreline changes due to rapid industrialization development which ultimately affects the community, especially fishermen. With many coastal communities in Indonesia exposed to the danger of tidal flooding, adaptation measures are needed. Therefore, this study aims to identify the adaptation patterns of fishing communities to tidal floods with a case study of Bedono Village, Demak District and Penjaringan Kel., North Jakarta. The study results show that both areas have a high vulnerability to tidal flooding, but based on the physical and socio-economic conditions of the area, the impacts and handling are different. As a result of major abrasion in Bedono, the land was significantly affected, resulting in the rampant clearing of mangrove land into ponds due to the shift from agrarian work and the increase in fishermen. Adaptation efforts are mostly non-structural. On the other hand, with land subsidence in North Jakarta due to reclamation and rapid industry, the few fishermen in the area are increasingly threatened because there are not many livelihood options other than becoming laborers. Structural adaptation efforts, with their advantages and disadvantages, community-based structural and non-structural adaptations can be evaluated, improved, and local characteristics are more considered in order to minimize the risk of tidal flooding while maintaining the welfare of fishing communities. In addition, both regions can improve cooperative ties, especially between the government and fishing communities to increase community income and alternative professions.
Keywords: tidal flooding, fishing communities, coastal communities, climate change, community-based adaptation
Abstrak: Perubahan iklim meningkatkan risiko banjir rob pesisir. Ini dipengaruhi pula meningkatnya penurunan tanah dan perubahan garis pantai akibat pesatnya pembangunan industrialisasi yang akhirnya berdampak pada masyarakatnya, khususnya nelayan. Dengan banyaknya masyarakat pesisir di Indonesia yang terpapar bahaya rob, maka dibutuhkan tindakan adaptasi akan hal tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola adaptasi masyarakat nelayan terhadap banjir dob dengan studi kasus Desa Bedono, Kab. Demak dan Kel. Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kedua daerah memiliki kerawanan yang tinggi akan banjir rob, namun berdasarkan kondisi fisik dan sosial ekonomi kawasan, dampak dan penanganannya berbeda. Akibat abrasi besar di Bedono, lahan terdampak signifikan, sehingga maraknya pembukaan lahan mangrove menjadi tambak karena peralihan pekerjaan yang sebelumnya agraris dan meningkatnya nelayan. Upaya adaptasi lebih banyak bersifat non-struktural. Di sisi lain, dengan penurunan tanah di Jakarta Utara akibat reklamasi dan industri yang pesat, akhirnya nelayan yang jumlahnya sedikit di kawasan tersebut semakin terancam karena tak banyak pilihan mata pencaharian selain menjadi buruh. Upaya adaptasi bersifat struktural, dengan adanya kelebihan kekurangannya, adaptasi struktural maupun non-struktural yang berbasis masyarakat dapat dievaluasi, ditingkatkan, dan karakteristik lokal lebih dipertimbangkan agar dapat meminimalisir risiko banjir rob dengan tetap mempertahankan kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan. Selain itu, kedua daerah dapat meningkatkan ikatan kerjasama, khususnya antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat nelayan untuk peningkatan penghasilan masyarakat dan alternatif profesi.
Kata-kunci: banjir rob, masyarakat nelayan, masyarakat pesisir, perubahan iklim, adaptasi berbasis masyarakat
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